(Linux)(Ubuntu)Packing DEB package

LaunchPad & Debian packaging

PGP(Pretty Good Privacy)

• GPG Operation

  • Generate PGP key (Location: ~/.gnupg/pubring.kbx)

    gpg --gen-key

  • List PGP keys

    gpg --list-sigs

  • Delete PGP keys

    gpg --delete-secret-keys <public key>
    gpg --delete-keys <public key>

  • Send key to server

    gpg --send-keys <Key ID> --keyserver <keyserver> <Key ID> 
    # Example: gpg --send-keys --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com A86383119836BF22
    gpg --search-key <Key ID> --keyserver <keyserver>

• Reference

  • https://ubuntuqa.com/zh-tw/article/524.html
  • https://help.ubuntu.com/community/GnuPrivacyGuardHowto
  • https://linuxhint.com/gpg-command-ubuntu/
  • https://ubuntuqa.com/zh-tw/article/11680.html

LaunchPad

• Apply Ubuntu one account. Remember the registed [username]

  • Reference
    • https://help.launchpad.net/YourAccount/NewAccount
  • Personal launchpad homepage
    • https://launchpad.net/~[username]

• PPA (Personal Package Archives)

  • Register PGP

    • Use the GPG tool to generatePGP Key. Upload it to Ubuntu keyserver

      gpg --gen-key
      gpg --list-sigs
      # 記住sig:[Key ID]與pub:[Public key]
      gpg
      gpg --send-keys --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com [Key ID]
      gpg --search-key [[Key ID] --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com
      # 要稍微等幾分鐘,才搜尋的到

      The Web page https://keyserver.ubuntu.com/ can search the uploaded PGP. Fill [Key ID] to search it.

    • Open https://launchpad.net/~[username]/+editpgpkeys to regist uploaded PGP.

      1. Fill the uploaded [Public key] in keyserver to Fingerprint Field.

      2. Push Import Key button

      3. Open an email with subject Launchpad: Confirm your OpenPGP Key. Copy the following text and save it as the pgpmsg.txt.

         -----BEGIN PGP MESSAGE-----
         ...
         -----END PGP MESSAGE-----

      4. Use the GPG tool to decrypt it. There is an message contain a URL. Open the URL to regist the imported PGP key.

         gpg -d pgpmsg.txt

• Git

  • Regist SSH

    • Tutorial
      https://help.launchpad.net/YourAccount/CreatingAnSSHKeyPair

  • Operation

    • Tutorial: https://help.launchpad.net/Code/Git
    • Push and create a remote repository without a project.

      • vi ./git/config

        [user]
        email = <email>
        name = <full name>
        [url "git+ssh://<username>@git.launchpad.net/"]
            insteadof = lp:
        [remote "launchpad"]
        url = lp:~<username>/+git/<repo>
        fetch = +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/launchpad/*

        git remote add launchpad lp:~<username>/<repo>
        git push launchpad

      • Launchpad git URL https://code.launchpad.net/~[username]/+git/REPO

DEB

• Debian 套件

  • deb 檔案 (二進制套件)
  • 以有效且合宜的方法來向使用者發佈軟體
  • 是兩個最常見的套件格式之一 (另一個為 RPM)

• Reference

  • https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/packaging-tutorial/packaging-tutorial.zh_TW.pdf
  • https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hk/Deb
  • https://wiki.ubunetu-tw.org/index.php?title=DebPackaging
  • https://blog.toright.com/posts/4434/deb-package-%E5%A5%97%E4%BB%B6%E5%B0%81%E8%A3%9D%E6%95%99%E5%AD%B8.html
  • https://blog.toright.com/posts/4434/deb-package-%e5%a5%97%e4%bb%b6%e5%b0%81%e8%a3%9d%e6%95%99%e5%ad%b8.html
  • https://wiki.debian.org/MaintainerScripts
  • https://tldp.org/HOWTO/html_single/Debian-Binary-Package-Building-HOWTO/
  • https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/Ar_(Unix)
  • https://samwhelp.github.io/book-ubuntu-basic-skill/book/content/package/how-to-extract-package.html
  • https://packaging.ubuntu.com/html/debian-dir-overview.html
  • https://packaging.ubuntu.com/html/packaging-new-software.html
  • https://packaging.ubuntu.com/html/
    e

• apt-file: search a file’s DEB package source
  https://shengyu7697.github.io/ubuntu-apt-file/

• How to downoad a DEB package.
  http://samwhelp.github.io/blog/read/linux/ubuntu/package/how-to-download-package/

• How to get a DEB source package.
  Hit: Open “livepatch”->”軟體與更新”->”Ubuntu軟體”->可由網際網路下載”源碼” first.
  https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/how-to-get-source-code-of-package-using-the-apt-command-on-debian-or-ubuntu/

• DEB Binary package https://www.rocksaying.tw/archives/11239791.html

• DEB source package

  • Reference
    http://www.unixlinux.online/unixlinux/linuxjc/linuxjc/201702/40361.html
    https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/packaging-tutorial/packaging-tutorial.zh_TW.pdf

  • .dsc file: 3.0 (quilt) - A Debian 3rd package format

  • dhmake

    • single: generate single library
    • independent: generate single library (arch-independent)

  • dh

    • dh_make will generate debian folder with default rules, and would not replace debian folder’s existed files.

    • rules (source/debian/rules)

      • https://www.796t.com/content/1547590709.html
      • rules usage: man dh

    • Append install target by override:

      #!/usr/bin/make -f
      %:
      dh $@
      
      override_dh_auto_clean:
              [ ! -f Makefile ] || $(MAKE) distclean
      
      override_dh_installdocs:
              dh_installdocs NEWS
      
      override_dh_auto_install:
              dh_auto_install
              dh_install testing.sh usr/bin

    • execute_after_ Old dh version dosn’t support it Use previous override for it.

    • maintainer script in source/debian/. Example: Create source/debian/postinst and debuild will include it in the binary package

    • W: hello source: maintainer-script-lacks-debhelper-token debian/postinst

      • Solution: Put the #DEBHELPER# in the postinst file’s last line.

• debuild

  • Modify changelog
    Hint: Only dch --increment/--newversin will use the system enviroment variable DEBEMAIL/DEBFULLNAME

    export DEBFULLNAME=<fullname>
    export DEBEMAIL=<email>
    export DEBKEY=<Key ID>
    dch -i # changelog 會是UNRELEASED,還在修改中沒要上傳時,先保持這個狀態
    # 改code,加資料
    debuild -S -k$DEBKEY
    dch -r # changelog 改成unstable
    debsign -k $DEBKEY hello_2.10-2ubuntu3_source.changes
    dput ppa:neillee1210/home-test hello_2.10-2ubuntu3_source.changes

  • Error from debuild
    Solution: Do “dpkg-source –commit” first. This will put modification/patches to source/debian/patches.

    dpkg-source: 資訊: using source format '3.0 (quilt)'
    dpkg-source: 資訊: building hello using existing ./hello_2.10.orig.tar.gz
    dpkg-source: 警告: executable mode 0775 of 'test.sh' will not be represented in diff
    dpkg-source: 資訊: local changes detected, the modified files are:
    hello-2.10/test.sh
    dpkg-source: 錯誤: aborting due to unexpected upstream changes, see /tmp/hello_2.10-2ubuntu3.diff.2ggaQY
    dpkg-source: 資訊: you can integrate the local changes with dpkg-source --commit
    dpkg-buildpackage: 錯誤: dpkg-source -b . subprocess returned exit status 2

  • Verification

    1. (Error) Error: signing key fingerprint does not exist
       Root cause: Ubuntu PPA is still building.
       Solution: It will disapear after the build Status became “All builds were built successfully.”

       Source	Published	Status	Series	Section	Build Status
       hello - 2.10-2ubuntu3 (changes file)	2 minutes ago	Published	Focal	Devel	All builds were built successfully.

       neil@neil-nb:~/Workspace/Canocial/hello-deb-source-p1$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:neillee1210/home-test
       
       更多資訊：<https://launchpad.net/~neillee1210/+archive/ubuntu/home-test>
       請按下 [ENTER] 繼續或 Ctrl-C 取消加入。
       
       Error: signing key fingerprint does not exist 
       Failed to add key.

    2. (Error) Error: 403 Forbidden
       Root cause: Ubuntu PPA doesn’t publish DEB package.
       Solution: It will disapear after the build Status became “Published”

       Source	Published	Status	Series	Section	Build Status
       hello - 2.10-2ubuntu3 (changes file)	2 minutes ago	Published	Focal	Devel	All builds were built successfully.

       neil@neil-nb:~/Downloads$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:neillee1210/home-test
       更多資訊：<https://launchpad.net/~neillee1210/+archive/ubuntu/home-test>
       請按下 [ENTER] 繼續或 Ctrl-C 取消加入。
       
       已有:1 <https://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb> stable InRelease
       已有:2 <http://packages.microsoft.com/repos/code> stable InRelease
       已有:3 <https://repo.steampowered.com/steam> stable InRelease
       已有:4 <https://download.mono-project.com/repo/ubuntu> stable-bionic InRelease
       已有:5 <https://packages.microsoft.com/repos/ms-teams> stable InRelease
       已有:6 <http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu> focal InRelease
       已有:7 <http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu> focal-updates InRelease
       已有:8 <http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu> focal-backports InRelease
       已有:9 <https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu> focal InRelease
       已有:10 <http://ppa.launchpad.net/longsleep/golang-backports/ubuntu> focal InRelease
       下載:11 <http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu> focal-security InRelease [114 kB]
       已有:12 <http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu> focal InRelease
       錯誤:13 <http://ppa.launchpad.net/neillee1210/home-test/ubuntu> focal InRelease
         403  Forbidden [IP: 185.125.190.52 80]
       已有:14 <http://ppa.launchpad.net/yannubuntu/boot-repair/ubuntu> focal InRelease
       正在讀取套件清單... 完成
       E: 無法取得 <http://ppa.launchpad.net/neillee1210/home-test/ubuntu/dists/focal/InRelease，403>  Forbidden [IP: 185.125.190.52 80]
       E: The repository '<http://ppa.launchpad.net/neillee1210/home-test/ubuntu> focal InRelease' is not signed.
       N: Updating from such a repository can't be done securely, and is therefore disabled by default.
       N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details.
       
       commit e69bc87d1d38269515eb0e3dea9fe940e70b847f (HEAD -> master)
       Author: Neil Lee <neil.lee@adlinktech.com>
       Date:   Fri Aug 12 22:59:49 2022 +0800

    3. (Error) Got the following error after git clone or checkout source folder and build source by ./configure;make in the source folder.
       Root caluse: Git will not reserve files’ timestamp. After clone or checkout files. the autotool’s related files and source code’s build sequence will be changed. It will cause the building error.

       CDPATH="${ZSH_VERSION+.}:" && cd . && /bin/bash /home/neil/Workspace/Canocial/hello-deb-source/hello-2.10/build-aux/missing aclocal-1.14 -I m4
       /home/neil/Workspace/Canocial/hello-deb-source/hello-2.10/build-aux/missing: line 81: aclocal-1.14: command not found
       WARNING: 'aclocal-1.14' is missing on your system.
               You should only need it if you modified 'acinclude.m4' or
               'configure.ac' or m4 files included by 'configure.ac'.
               The 'aclocal' program is part of the GNU Automake package:
               <http://www.gnu.org/software/automake>
               It also requires GNU Autoconf, GNU m4 and Perl in order to run:
               <http://www.gnu.org/software/autoconf>
               <http://www.gnu.org/software/m4/>
               <http://www.perl.org/>
       make: *** [Makefile:1450：aclocal.m4] 錯誤 127

    • Workaround
      Do autoreconfig -i -f first

    • Solution
      Do not build source in the source code folder directoly.We must re-generate source code folder from the dsc file.

      cd hello-2.10/
      ./configure; make; debuild -us -uc

  • Reference

    • https://iter01.com/649465.html

Example

GIT Repository URL

git clone https://git.launchpad.net/~neillee1210/+git/home-test 

LaunchPad PPA URL

• Adding this PPA to your system by

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:neillee1210/home-test
sudo apt update

• Or update PPA URL to system’s software sources.

deb https://ppa.launchpadcontent.net/neillee1210/home-test/ubuntu focal main 
deb-src https://ppa.launchpadcontent.net/neillee1210/home-test/ubuntu focal main

Output messages from installation and testing.sh

neil@neil-nb:~$ sudo apt install hello
正在讀取套件清單... 完成
正在重建相依關係          
正在讀取狀態資料... 完成
下列【新】套件將會被安裝：
  hello
升級 0 個，新安裝 1 個，移除 0 個，有 0 個未被升級。
需要下載 52.3 kB 的套件檔。
此操作完成之後，會多佔用 284 kB 的磁碟空間。
下載:1 http://ppa.launchpad.net/neillee1210/home-test/ubuntu focal/main amd64 hello amd64 2.10-2ubuntu3 [52.3 kB]
取得 52.3 kB 用了 1s (43.9 kB/s)
選取了原先未選的套件 hello。
（讀取資料庫 ... 目前共安裝了 255157 個檔案和目錄。）
正在準備解包 .../hello_2.10-2ubuntu3_amd64.deb……
解開 hello (2.10-2ubuntu3) 中...
設定 hello (2.10-2ubuntu3) ...
this is a test from Neil Lee
執行 man-db (2.9.1-1) 的觸發程式……
執行 install-info (6.7.0.dfsg.2-5) 的觸發程式……


neil@neil-nb:~$ dpkg -S testing.sh; testing.sh
hello: /usr/bin/testing.sh
this is a test from Neil Lee
neil@neil-nb:~$